'Critically discuss one 'individual' OR one 'social' explanation of crime. In critically discussing your selected approach, reference a criminal justice initiative that illustrates your argument.'

The phenomenon of offense has been a constant element of human society. Criminology emerged as a field of study through the 18th and nineteenth centuries, concerned with the nature, extent, cause and control of criminal behavior and relating it to the human being of information, beliefs and attitudes present in any particular place at any particular time. Within the diverse and competing perspectives of criminology, amicable expositions of villainy perceive offense as a manifestation of mixer pathology generated as a growth of friendly structure itself; as opposed to accounts of individual pathology concerning psychological and biological traits. Social explanations of crime further diverge into the two distinct schools of consensus and conflict theories. Functionalist or consensus theory share a common structural explanation of causes of deviance; while interactionist or conflict theory to mystify with focuses on various elements of power-play, regarding deviance as an outcome of the labeling interaction process between people. This essay focuses on the consensus school of thought, looking for in particular at Mertons? Strain Theory; and Durkheims? anomy theory. In order to understand the concept of Strain Theory, it is inhering to begin with its fundamental basis pioneered by the French sociologist Emile Durkheim (1858-1917.

) Rejecting the image that crime can be solely explained by biology or psychology of individuals, Durkheim presented the notion that crime is essentially a sociable phenomenon, ?somehow being related to and shaped by wider social processes and str uctures.? Therefore the construct of a `cri! minal or `deviant becomes a product of a circumstantial kind of social order. The wrongdoer is seen to surrender few conscious choices regarding their available social options as their activities and set are seen to be determined by wider societal forces and factors. Further, Durkheim introduced the estimate of each society being characterised by a specific form of ?collective conscience.? This refers... If you want to get a adept essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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