Lab Report and Analysis of Bos Taurus Tissue Sample

Lab Report and Analysis of Bos Taurus Tissue Paper After centrifuging the sample for 5 seconds, the contents were loaded onto a polysaccharide protein gel set t IV for Electrophoresis and stained Accompanies blue for an hour and results were observed the next class period a week later (Gladdening). To determine Protein Concentration of the homogenate, using a ratio, 50 Pl of original homogenate was diluted in 200 Pl of water and labeled dilute homogenate. 30 Pl measurements of 0. 4, 0. 8, 1 . 2, 1. And 20 MGM/ml were added into their own sample of the 3 ml Bradford Assay, 30 of water was added to a separate sample of Bradford Assay and 30 Pl of the dilute liver homogenate was added to its own sample of Bradford Assay and left for 3 minutes. The absorbency of he standards and the diluted homogenate samples were recorded to create a standard curve. From this equation, the protein concentration of my sample was determined. Class averages were also obtained (Gladdening). Y? 0. Xx + 0. 186 , 0. 572 Protein to DNA ratio was calculated by d ividing the determined average protein concentration of the homogenate by the given DNA concentration for all three Boss Taurus homogenates (Gladdening). Original homogenates were used to digest Glycogen. First, 50 Pl of 8 MGM/ml maliciousnesss was added to 50 Pl of homogenate to create a reaction to digest glycogen. Another 50 VI f homogenate was then combined with 50 Pl of 0. 2 M citrate buffer to act as a control with no enzyme to digest glycogen. The reactions were incubated at 37 co for 2 hours and we later observed absorbency (Gladdening). During incubation, homogenate triglycerides were measured by assuming that triglycerides in all homogenates were equal to total glycerol. Glycerol standard sample was given to the class. One sample of 3 ml Triglyceride reagent was heated at 37 co for 5 minutes, then mixed with 30 Pl of Boss Taurus homogenate and incubated for 10 more minutes at the same temperature. Absorbency of the glycerol standard ND homogenates were measured, and converted to concentration of glycerol (Gladdening). ( AWAY homogenate / AWAY of the standard ) x 2. MGM/ml glycerol The average triglyceride amount for each homogenate was determined. To make a standard curve of glucose, 6 samples of 3 ml of Trendier reagent were heated at ICC. After 5 minutes, 30 Pl of 0. 2 M citrate buffer was added to one sample, 30 Pl of 0. 2, 0. 4, 0. 6, 0. 8, and 1. 0 were added to one of the remaining 5 samples of Trendier reagent and heated for 10 minutes at the same temperature. Absorbency of the standards was measured (Gladde ning). Y= . Xx . 0005, RE = . 871 To measure the free glucose and glycogen, 2 samples of 3 ml of Trendier reagent were warmed at 37 Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report and Analysis of Bos Taurus Tissue specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report and Analysis of Bos Taurus Tissue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report and Analysis of Bos Taurus Tissue specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer After 5 minutes, from the digestion of glycogen process, 30 Pl of the maliciousnesss-treated reaction was added to one sample and 30 Pl of the free glucose control was added to the other sample. The samples were heated for 10 minutes at ICC and absorbency was recorded. Concentration of free glucose was calculated when solving for x using the absorbency of the reaction without maliciousnesss with the above equation. The same was done to find concentration of total glucose using the absorbency of the reaction with milliseconds. Total glycogen was then calculated by subtracting free glucose from total glucose (Gladdening). II) Results: Kodak. 250 150 100 75 50 37 25 20 15 10 Figure 1. Protein electrophoresis of Boss Taurus Heart, Kidney and Liver Homogenates. Lane 1 is the protein ladder in Kodak. The heart homogenate is located in lanes 2-5, kidney homogenate in lanes 6-10, and liver homogenate in lanes 11-15. Table 1. Protein and DNA concentrations, and Protein to DNA ratio of Boss Taurus heart, kidney and liver homogenates. Protein Con. Based on class averages. DNA Con. Ratio Heart n=17 4. 53 MGM/ml 1. 05 peg/ ml 4. 1 MGM protein / peg DNA Kidney n=15 4. 97 MGM/ml 5. 79 peg/ ml 0. 86 MGM protein / peg DNA Liver n=14 2. 5 MGM/ml 7. 64 peg/ ml 0. 39 MGM protein / peg DNA Figure 2. Total triglyceride concentration (MGM/ml) in the Liver, Kidney, and Heart homogenates. Class averages shown. Liver n=12, Kidney n=11, Heart n=16. Figure 3: Total glycogen concentration (MGM/ml) in the Liver, Kidney, and Heart homogenates. Class averages shown. Liver n=18, Kidney n=14, Heart n=14. 228600133985 Figure 4: Total free glucose concentration (MGM/ml) in the Liver, Kidney, and Heart Looking at Protein Concentration (Figure 1), the homogenate tissue with the cost abundant concentration was the heart. It shows the most pronounced bands of proteins, especially the 250 Kodak band, as well as the greatest amount of visible bands of proteins. The difference in concentration between Kidneys and Liver homogenates is more difficult to differentiate. Contrastingly, Table 1, which is based on class averages, shows that the homogenate with the highest protein concentration is the kidney as opposed to the heart. Table 1 also shows Protein/DNA ratio, where the heart is the highest homogenate. We can infer that the large amount of protein per DNA could mean that the cells must be larger o accommodate for the abundance of macromolecule. Triglycerides (Figure 2) of each homogenate are a reflection of the amount of glycerol because the absorbency readings of glycerol were converted to triglyceride concentration during the experiment. Here we see that the kidney homogenate had the highest concentration of triglycerides followed closely by the liver homogenate. In order to obtain values for glycogen, free glucose and total glucose concentrations had to be calculated using the glucose standard curve. Once these numbers were known, subtracting free glucose from total glucose came out to the amount of logger. Figure 4 shows free glucose levels, where the liver had the highest amount and the kidney the lowest. Figure 3 provides glycogen concentration, where again the liver has the highest levels, but the heart homogenate has the lowest. To conclude, each cell type of the Boss Taurus had varying levels of macromolecules according to the experiments performed in these labs. Reference: Gladdening, B. , SST. Angelo, C. J. , Krause, M. K. , Tangelo, J. R. , and Valier, L. G. 2014. [Analysis of Macromolecules in Tissue Homogenates of Boss Taurus Apart and Apart]. Bio 11, Biology, Hoofers University.

Steve rubbell essays

Steve rubbell essays Somewhere in Brooklyn in 1943, on December 2nd an extravagant character was born. He would become known as Steve Rubell. Regardless that he was born to a lower-middle class family, Rubell had big dreams and a sense of determination and the ability to bounce back from failure that would help him achieve his goals. Even though, Steve Rubell was more concentrated on tennis during high school, he decided to continue his education at Syracuse University. He graduated with moderate grades. While studying for his masters degree in finance, Rubell met Ian Schrager. They complimented each other: where Steve was outrageous and wild, Ian was calm and shy. From that moment on, they would be best friends. Following his graduation, Rubell was hired at a brokerage firm on Wall Street. During this time, he decided to become an entrepreneur and would never again work for anyone but himself. Rubell began his entrepreneur career in the restaurant business, opening two restaurants in the New York area, and later a chain of Steak Lofts. For help with his chain, Steve hired Ian. They became inseparable business partners. The beginning of their success came from an idea Ian proposed: Why not switch from the restaurant business to the nightclub business? Steve agreed immediately, having realized that they could make more money if they focused on alcohol sales rather than food. The enthusiastic pair opened their first nightclub in Boston but, it was short lived because they preferred New Yorks nightlife atmosphere. Their second attempt was in Queens, with a club called The Enchanted Garden, which held theme parties and had some famous guests. Stubborn as they were, Rubell and Schrager were still unsatisfied with their address; they yearned for a reputable Manhattan location. A party planner named Carmen DAlessio, who agreed to advise the pair on their nightclub endeavo r, showed them an old, empty CBS television studio....

Convert Your Gasoline-Burning Car to Run on Propane

Convert Your Gasoline-Burning Car to Run on Propane With the price of fuel, propane car conversions (also called LPG conversions) are attracting more attention. Propane is certainly one viable alternative fuel option: it has been used as a commercial motor fuel for more than 80 years and millions of miles. Its also less expensive to use than gasoline, even though the cost per liter is higher. Why It Can Be Tough to Convert to Propane The Environmental Protection Agency requires all vehicles to meet the same emission standards. While propane burns cleaner than gasoline, increased regulations from the EPA, means that there are very few propane conversion kits for U.S. street passenger vehicles available today. It has actually been a much more popular choice in Europe and other countries due to less stringent regulations and higher petrol prices. Even though propane powered engines offer cleaner emissions along with 10 to 15 percent less carbon dioxide, 20 percent less carbon monoxide and 50 to 60 percent fewer hydrocarbons and nitric oxide, tighter emissions regulations have changed the way conversion companies can do business. While generic propane conversions used to be common fare for a trained mechanic (generally not for the DIY-er, though), most four-stroke engines (carbureted and fuel-injected) can still be converted to operate on propane when a certified technician installs the correct kit. And propane’s minimal sooting, owing to its low carbon content, means increased engine life, fewer oil changes, and longer spark plug life. Why Conversion May Still Be a Good Idea Although it may take some legwork on your part, it can be worth converting to propane if you have a propane filling station in your area that makes fueling up easily accessible and less expensive. Unfortunately, there are relatively few U.S. propane conversion companies with an online presence that sell street-ready passenger car kits or do conversions (some have websites, many don’t). Prices for a full conversion by a qualified technician can range from $3,000 to $4,000. Hopefully, you’ll be close to one of the shops that are on RASO Enterprises’ extensive shop list (below), and they can help you go from there. Where to Find Conversion Kits Because of the scarcity of conversion companies, its unlikely that youll find one in your backyard. That said, however, these two companies may be able to provide you with what you need at a reasonable cost. Got Propane?  Based in Tempe, AZ, the eye-catching off-roading photos on this company’s website showcase propane’s ability to operate at any angle with no loss of power or fuel spillage. *Note: These kits are only for off-road vehicles, and this company does not sell kits for late model cars and trucks (1987 and newer).RASO Enterprises  In addition to selling kits, this company provides a wealth of information to help you find a certified conversion shop in the United States or Canadian conversion center. Most of these shops specialize in heavy duty/commercial vehicles with minimal offerings for passenger cars. There are links to find kits for your personal car fleet vehicles, (options are limited) or off-road  and agricultural equipment. This site also refers to TECHNOCARB, the manufacturer of many different conversion kits.

In a 2 page essay, explain the origin, development, struggle, and Essay

In a 2 page , explain the origin, development, struggle, and future of the communities and cities in our country over the past 200 years - Essay Example In half of the 18th century, there was totally disturbance in the political section of the United States. Slavery was so much common in the United States. Declaration of independence was written by Thomas Jefferson who himself had more than 200 slaves. In 1787, the constitution convention explains the rights of blacks in the society. According to that they did not have a right to vote as well as they did not take admission in public schools. After 20 years after the revolution many Southern freed their slaves. When the United States grew, slavery was also extended. In 1793, cotton gin was invented which, permitted the cultivation of short staple cotton in Inland areas. In 1830, majority of the blacks were free in thee United States approximately they were319, 000. Many of the people in the black community lived in poverty, but some had established their successful bossiness (Smallwood,

Water Chemistry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water Chemistry - Essay Example Solutions Polysaccharide- these are polymers that are made of several chains of either monosaccharide units or disaccharide units Glucose- this is an example of a monosaccharide. It is a simple sugar consisting of a hydroxyl group (OH) in the structure. Glucose structure Amino acids- organic compounds with an amino group (NH2) and a carboxyl group (COOH). Fats- organic compounds with carbon, hydrogen and oxygen present in their structure. Fats contain glycerol which houses hydroxyl (OH) group and fatty acids which houses carboxyl (COOH) group. Proteins- Contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen in their structure. Proteins consist of both amine (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) groups. #2 Solutions (a) Entropy- this is a measure of how much a system is disordered. Denoted by S. (b) Enthalpy- this is the product of pressure of a system and volume of a system added to the internal energy of a system. (c) Gibbs Free Energy- this is the product of entropy and absolute temperature subtracted from the e nthalpy of a system. (d) Exothermic reaction- this is a chemical reaction in which energy is released in the form of either light or heat. Endothermic reaction- this is a chemical reaction where energy is absorbed from the surrounding. The energy can be in form of heat but not in all cases.

Batik Essay -- essays research papers

Batik   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Elaborately decorated fabrics and patterns can be seen almost everywhere in the world today. Batiking is a type of decorated fabric, which usually depicts motifs of flowers, birds, butterflies and other natural objects, or simple geometric forms. These designs are rich in symbolic heritage and variety; to date there are over three thousand recorded batik patterns. To perform the art of batiking, one must know a little about its origin, the necessary materials, and the method of creating a batik.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The technique of â€Å"batik† itself is Indonesian in origin; the word â€Å"batik† is an Indonesian-Malay word that means â€Å"to dot.† The art of batiking is more than a millennium old. There are evidences that cloth decorated through a form of resistant technique was used early AD in West African, Middle-Eastern, and Asian communities. Over the past two or three centuries, batik has become one of the best means of expression, spiritually and culturally, in the values of Southeast Asia. This means of coloring and decorating textiles has even reached a higher degree of excellence in the island of Java. From Java, batik cloth has been exported to many other islands, spreading the batiking art around, which is how it is so well known, as are most of the items used to create it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A number of different materials are used when creating a batik. The primary requirements are cloth, wax, various colored dyes a...

Lost in Identity Essay

Through public opinion, prejudices and stereotypes, one’s identity is subject to change. If one is constantly criticized and put down for their physical appearance or their actions, they will try to modify themselves to fit the norm, and to match the majority. In the three pieces, â€Å"Barbie Doll,† Siddhartha, and â€Å"Black Men and Public Space,† they demonstrate that through society’s expectations and stereotypes, one’s identity will be challenged and thus inhibited. Only when one’s own determination and perseverance pulls through, will they discover their true â€Å"Self.† In both pieces Siddhartha by Hermann Hesse, and â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† by Brent Staples, the characters were often seen changing and reevaluating their current positions in society. In â€Å"Black Men and Public Space,† Staples recalls his past connection with outside opinions and stereotyping. Black men are repeatedly labeled as dangerous and suspicious, so in the evening, women would avoid him and the policemen would often pull him over solely due to the color of his skin. Because of his constant mistreatment, Staples is conned into believing he is some sort of ominous being who threatens everyone around him. In the end, instead of conveying his true identity, he tries to make everyone else around him feel more comfortable by â€Å"learning to move about with care,† and to â€Å"give wide berth to nervous people†(Staples). Staples ultimately mutates himself into someone so passive that his only purpose in life is to satisfy others. In Siddhartha, Hesse’s portrayal of Siddhartha illustrates the epitome of conquering â€Å"Self† and understanding one’s own identity. At first, Siddhartha attempts to fight back outside pressures, however he too falls into the trap. As Staples journeys through New York and Siddhartha through India, the paths they decide to take are quite similar. For example, soon after parting ways with Govinda, Siddhartha travels to a new town with fresh obstacles waiting to be overcome. Upon arrival into the new town, Siddhartha owned no worldly possessions except for the clothes on his back. Siddhartha soon meets the town’s very own love mistress, Kamala, and she informs him that he will not be permitted to study love from her unless he attains three things: expensive clothes, shoes and a house. Although Siddhartha easily could have dismissed her conditions, he felt as if he was obligated by society’s standards to live a wealthy life. Staples on the other hand also lives a scripted life because he alters everything about himself, from his standing proximity to even wasting extra time to make sure others don’t feel as if he is following them. In the end, Siddhartha grows wary of societal expectations and learns that it should not govern what he does. If Siddhartha were to advise Staples, he would tell him that instead of enduring continuous racial inequalities, he should take time to look deep within himself in order to reestablish the inner peace that would eventually pull him away from outside expectations. Another common theme addressed in these three pieces is the idea of fitting into society’s archetype. In â€Å"Barbie Doll† by Marge Piercy, her character would give anything to look good and fit into the crowd. Similarly in today’s society, women are continuously pressured to match a certain role and look a specific way in order to feel welcome. It doesn’t make sense why healthy, intelligent and strong women crumble under the low self-esteem of others. Women are getting so torn up by their peer’s critiquing that they focus more on the constant negative reminders, rather than their positive qualities. At the end of the novel Siddhartha, Siddhartha ends up reaching Nirvana by conquering his â€Å"Self† and learning to break free from society’s hold. On the contrary, the ending in â€Å"Barbie Doll,† Piercy’s character could no longer handle any more criticism so she â€Å"cut off her nose and legs and offered them up†(Piercy). Only then did society recognize her beauty, the beauty of the painted on undertaker’s cosmetics and the â€Å"turned-up putty nose†(Piercy). Even though Siddhartha wouldn’t judge â€Å"Barbie Doll† on her looks, he would however critique her on how she gave into outside pressures. Instead of letting society’s expectations take root and fester within, like Staples, she should have listened to her â€Å"Self†, and lived her life through the true beauty found inside. Staple’s mistake in â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† is closely intertwined with â€Å"Barbie Doll’s† in that they both are caught in society’s grasp and they have trouble clawing their way back out. Since Staples has grown so accustomed to the design of other people governing his every motion and every thought, the idea of putting his foot down and standing out from the crowd seems totally inconceivable. If this attitude persists, the only foreseeable outcome is one that will lead to his undoing. â€Å"Barbie Doll† resembles Staples’ ever-growing uncertainty with his life. If Staples continues his charade and prolongs his constant mistreatment, he will ultimately turn out like Barbie Doll, someone who was so thirsty to taste her real identity that in order to escape from the hole she dug herself into she had to kill herself. For Staples, it is not too late. Towards the end of â€Å"Black Men and Public Space,† he admits to â€Å"whistling melodies from Beethoven and Vivaldi†(Staples). Staples is under the impression that â€Å"a mugger wouldn’t be warbling bright, sunny selection from Vivaldi’s Four Seasons,† so by finding a way to cope with his situation, Staple’s repressed identity leaks out through the form of music (Staples). Siddhartha suggests that one’s own identity will never be lost, no matter how far one might venture from it, they will always cycle back to it in the end. So with Staples, however dormant his former â€Å"Self† remains, the return is inevitable. As people develop through outside influences as well as their own need to fit in, the connection with their identity will struggle to return. As a result, people become even more detached from reality and live as if they do not have a mind of their own, but like a machine that is programmed to do as others tell it. In the three pieces of literature, â€Å"Barbie Doll,† Siddhartha, and â€Å"Black Men and Public Places† they try to warn their viewers of the dangers of becoming too attached to what other people think. Instead of listening to others and obeying their every command, we must think for ourselves and create our own guidelines and expectations to live by. â€Å"One must find the source within one’s own self, one must possess it. Everything else is seeking- a detour, error†(Siddhartha 5). Works Cited Hesse, Hermann. Siddhartha. New York: Bantam Classics, 1981. Piercy, Marge. â€Å"Barbie Doll.† Circles on the Water: Selected Poems of Marge Piercy. Ed. Alfred A. Knopf. New York: Knopf, 1982. Staples, Brent. â€Å"Black Men and Public Space.† The Norton Reader: Eleventh Edition. Ed. Linda H. Peterson and John C. Brereton. New York: W. W. Norton and Company, Inc., 2004.