Examine the Role of the Church in Spain’s Conquest and Colonization of Continental America

Question:Examine the role of the Church in Spain’s conquest and colonization of continental America. The role of the Roman Catholic Church in Spain’s conquest and colonization of continental America was a two-fold process whereby under the facade of conversion and control lay the primary goal of gaining wealth, enforcing laws and the inevitable extension of control while condoning the beginnings of European slavery in the Caribbean. [i] Alternately, behind the movement for converting Indians lay some important influences in Spain.The Spanish Crown established royal controls over the ecclesiastical benefices and over the immense wealth of the church. [ii] Two papal bulls were issued in the year of 1493 that established the Spanish position in the New World. They also established the role that the Church was going to play in the New World. The first bull, issued on May 3, 1493, was called the Inter Caetera. It declared that lands discovered by Spanish envoys, not under a Christian owner, could be claimed by Spain.The bull also gave the Spanish monarch power to send men to convert the natives to the Catholic faith and instruct them in Catholic morals. The second papal bull issued that year expanded on the meaning of the first. The bull fixed a boundary for Spanish and Portuguese spheres of influence in the New World. This boundary heavily favored Spain, showing an alliance between Spain and the Church. Under the Spanish Crown the Inquisition was resurrected in the form of the conquistadores to hunt down heretics.In repressing the last non-Christian state in the Iberian Peninsula, Granada, and in forcibly expelling Jews and the Moors, King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella sought to purify Spanish society in a spirit of Christian unity. The acts were militant expressions of religious statehood on the establishment of the American colonization in the latter part of the 1490s. [iii] The church which arrived in the Caribbean advocated what has been called â⠂¬Ëœwarrior Catholicism’[iv], which is the belief that military conquest and evangelization were compatible. v] Acting in conjunction with the conquistadores, the Roman Catholic Church played a vital role in the Spanish system of colonization and is argued to be one of the most outstanding revolutionary devices of the Spanish Government. [vi] By its discipline and methods it assumed, the Church was almost a military and political agency designed to push forward and defend the colonial frontiers, pacify the natives and open the way to European occupation. [vii] The subjugation of the native Indians and the extension of the territorial boundaries emphasized the role of the Church.The Church also served to maintain colonial borders against foreign encroachment. By its exclusion of heretical Protestants and by its strict censorship of books, the Church made foreign political and philosophical ideas difficult or dangerous to obtain and served as a defensive mechanism of the Spanis h Empire. [viii] It was largely through the Roman Catholic Church that Spain succeeded in transmitting its culture and political dominance in the colonization of continental America during the 16th century. [ix] The Church was not only an advance post of the Spanish Empire and a political device of colonialism.It had its own religious objectives and interests. The Spanish colonial empire was served exclusively by the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church which received active government support and encouragement in the form of grants of land to build churches, free passages for priest, free wine and oil for the monasteries. A hierarchy if archbishops, bishops, and lesser clergy were dispatched by the Crown to the New World. Priests were chiefly concerned with superintending the work of converting the natives, whom they thought of as primitive, to Christianity and â€Å"protecting† them from exploitation.The earliest groups were the friars, of whom the Dominicans were prominent. Later, the Franciscans and Jesuits became more active. The Roman Catholic Church reinforced religious superiority over the Indians through the Indians culture, religion and language. Associated with their attention to the spiritual needs of conversion, the priests endeavored to eliminate ‘heathen’ practices among those Indians that they baptized. [x] The non-Christian people of the Americas were not simply to be converted; they were to be civilized, taught, humanized, purified and reformed.The Indians to be converted were strangers speaking in many unfamiliar tongues. In most cases, when the Friars first encountered them, they had been only recently conquered and subjugated, and even if not actively hostile they were likely to retain covert antagonisms. In their experience all Spaniards were exploitative. The Indian religions were composites of ceremonies and attitudes of the most diverse sort, no single technique of conversion could be employed. Conversion required bo th the introduction of Catholic Christianity and the extirpation of existing native religions, and of the two tasks the latter was the more difficult one. xi] Modern anthropology demonstrates that the elimination of pagan traits was only partial. In Indian societies of the twentieth century, even in the areas of most active Christian labour, residual pagan forms survived. The mission programme resulted in the syncretism of the Indian religion and Roman Catholic Christianity. Indians might have responded enthusiastically to the new teaching, but they tended to interpret Christianity as a doctrine compatible with their own tolerant pagan religions, and they allowed Christianity and paganism to exist simultaneously as complementary faiths.A common Indian view held that one religious form was resorted to when another failed to bring a desired result. [xii] However, in a process of religious syncretism, as priest constructed churches out of the stones of destroyed temples, symbolizing an d emphasizing the substitution of one religion by the other,[xiii] religious saints like the Aztec’s Tonantzin and the Virgin Mary became intermingled, creating a new national symbol, the Virgin of Guadalupe. [xiv]In Mexico, Cortes’ forces destroyed Indian religious sites, cleaned them with lime and replaced images of Quetzalcoatl and other Indian gods with images of Christ and the Virgin Mary. [xv] Native temples were torn down, idols destroyed and burnt, sacrificial wells were filled-in, writings were destroyed and other material evidence, anything the Roman Catholic Church considered as paganism were destroyed. [xvi] The Church was also concerned with the material and physical welfare of the natives.Hospitals were particularly needed because of the epidemics which occasionally swept the land. A hospital not only provided treatment for the sick, but was frequently a kind of poor-house as well, where the aged and infirmed could be attended to, and where poor-relief co uld be dispensed. Virtually all the social services in the Spanish colonies were provided by the clergy. However, despite the advances in saving the Indians from exploitation, the work of the Church often caused distress and was sometimes harmful.In successful conversions, Indians supplied construction labour on the churches, hospitals, monasteries and schools without recompense, voluntarily, or at the command of their newly Christianized chiefs. The friars then proceeded to expand the Christianized area, by moving out into surrounding towns, where subordinate chapels were built. Cooperating Indians were brought into the conversion process to assist the friars. Indians who refused to accept Christianity were punished, sometimes by death.The labour of Christianization was further hindered by conflicts between friars and other branches of the society. The terms of the encomienda demanded that the masters should see to the Indians protection, with the duty of seeing that they were care d for and taught to become more civilized. Becoming more civilized really meant nothing more than giving signs that they accepted the Spanish as their masters, covering their bodies as European did, speaking Spanish and accepting the Christian faith.In return for Spanish protection the Indians were to give their service in the fields or mines of the encomenderos. The encomienda system was nothing more than a means of obtaining forced labour for the encomendero, Spanish conquistadors. No wages were paid for the work done and very often the Indians’ farms were ruined by herds of cattle or swine belonging to their encomendero. They rarely had time to grow their own food for the forced labour left them neither time nor strength.The Indians were not free to leave the encomienda and those who fled were hunted down by men on horseback with dogs. The death rate among the Indians shot up as a result of hunger, weakness and despair among people whose traditional village and family life was completely destroyed. The Church and the encomienda became rival institution, each in its own way seeking control over the native populations. This issue between them erupted openly in 1511, when the Dominican friar Antonio de Montesinos first condemned the colonists’ treatment of the Indian in Hispaniola.Thereafter, under the leadership of Bartolome de Las Casas, another Dominican friar and others, ecclesiastical criticism of encomienda became frequent and outspoken. The Spaniards saw the friars as officious nuisances whose object was to pry into the livelihood of encomienda Indians, criticize the encomenderos’ use of Indian labour and denounce encomienda in letters to the king. Although the rights and wrongs of the encomienda system were discussed by the Crown it was decided that this system was necessary if the colonies were to survive.There was no other way of replacing the labour that the Indians provided. It was agreed, though, that the system would be bette r organized and the rights of the Indians more properly protected. To this end the Thirty Two Laws of Burgos were published in 1512, whereby Spaniards were confirmed in their rights to coerce the Indians, but their obligations to convert them and treat them humanely were set out in great detail, even to what food, clothes and beds they were to be supplied with. Two inspectors were to be appointed in each town to ensure that the rules were kept.Those laws could have corrected the abuses, but the practical difficulties of putting them into full effect on the far side of the Atlantic and the Andes, and against powerful vested interests, were difficult to prevail over. [xvii] The crown added to the powers of the Church by giving it powers of censorship over all books entering the Empire. This was intended at first to keep out heretical Protestant works, but it was also used against political books. Education and the confessional enabled the Church and assisted the Inquisition in keeping a close watch on the movement of thought.The transatlantic movements of books were regulated in Seville. â€Å"Popular and fictional literature came under the purview of the secular authorities (in Spain), which placed a ban in 1531 on the export of romances of chivalry to the Indies as being likely to corrupt the minds of the Indians. †[xviii] To make these powers more effective, a branch of the Inquisition, a special church court, was established from Spain. Its official powers were to prosecute those who broke the laws such as blasphemy, bigamy, heresy, witchcraft, heterodoxy, and sins against God.The Inquisition punishment included penance, prison sentences, property confiscation and burning at the stake. Informers could remain anonymous and the crimes of so called heresy and witchcraft could have many interpretations. This tribunal was operating out of Lima, Mexico City and Cartagena by 1570. Protestant smugglers and raiders of all nationalities captured by the Spanish were brought before the Inquisition and charged as heretics. But most importantly for the government of the Empire, the Inquisition could be used against influential people who showed too great a tendency to criticize.In this way the Church played a part in keeping the colonies tied to Spain The Roman Catholic Church operated without competition in the circum-Caribbean colonial society during the sixteenth century, where it performed both religious and political functions. In religion, it taught and converted the native Indians to Christianity and catered to the religious needs of the Spanish community. Politically, it helped to extend the boundaries of the Spanish Empire by removing opposition to it: in the case of the Indians by its teachings; and in the case of Europeans, largely through the operation of the Inquisition.The Church did much good, but its efforts resulted in a number of drawbacks. For example the genuineness of the conversion of the Indians is doubtful. In generall y, in all the colonies, the Church catered to the spiritual needs and at the same time contributed to the preservation of the society in which they operated.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Video Games Essay

Everybody knows something about Super Mario or Pac-Man. These two and some others have started a new trend which called ‘playing video games’. Most people have spent their free time with playing video games and it still keeps going in that way. But for years people asking this question. ‘Do video games are bad or good? ‘ One of the advantages of playing video games is improving your vocabulary. Most games are online now and you can’t do anything without making a contact with other players. These players are live in another countries and the only way to communicate with them is using a common language. 90% this is English. I’m playing video games and i can say that video games really improves your vocabulary skills. When you don’t understand a word in a game you have to check dictionary to understand the meaning of it. To be honest,I have learnt a lot of words from video games. Actually more than my English lesson in highschool. Another advantage of playing video games is improving computer skills. Sometimes you have to set some options to play your game better. While doing that you learn about your computer’s hardware too. For example:there is a part in options called ‘graphics’. You have to use a better graphic card to see better images. To get a better graphic card,first you have to know how we can compare them and by that we learn more and more about our computer’s system. But of course there are disadvantages too. One of the is it’s harmful for your eyes and other body parts. I know there are some games which you can play by Nintendo Wii or PlayStation Move. They give you some kind of camera and your moves can be seen in game. But it’s unnecessary to do something like that. There are lots of sports which you can do outside. You can go on a jogging or play basketball,tennis etc. You don’t have to do this by playing video games. Another disadvantage is that,sometimes children access games which are not proper to their age and that is harmful for children. But I think the problem is not games are too reachable. The problem is parents are don’t care enough about their children. What I mean is you can’t ban something global but you can limit them. And it’s not so hard to do it. Maybe you can limit the internet or you can use some kind of programme like Family Security System. But these are the things which you can made with using a computer. Also you can stop your children with spend more time with them. Then they can feel video games are not the most important thing in the world. In conclusion there are bad and good sides of video games. But some other things have good and bad effects too like TV or food. If you don’t become and addict I think all of them are useful. You have to control yourself and your time to don’t become and addict. All is up to you.

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Foundations of the law of Obligations - Essay Example The defendant responded to the offer with a counter-offer by setting out new terms and conditions and excluding the price variation clause (Koffman and Macdonald 134). The counter-offer contained an acknowledgement slip that explicitly set out that the buyer’s conditions would form the basis of the contract. The plaintiff signed the acknowledgement slip and delivered it back to the buyer. Plaintiff (seller) retuned the cover letter stating that delivery was to be ‘in accordance with our revised quotation of May 23rd’. The Court held that the counter-offer by Ex-cell Co extinguished the validity of the original offer by Butler Machine Co thus price variation clause did not form part of the contract. In addition, by signing the tear-off acknowledgement slip send by Ex-Cell Co, Butler Machine Co had signified and validly accepted a new offer thus destroying their original offer. The issues that arose centered on the battle of forms when parties send their own terms a nd conditions that they seek to be applied to the contract (Taylor and Taylor 153). In this case, the terms and conditions send by the last party to communicate usually form the basis of the contract and thus the valid terms and conditions for the contract were those send by buyer (Ex-Cell C0). The majority adopted the ‘mirror image’ approach to valid contract formation by asserting that acceptance must mirror the terms contained in the offer. According to this mirror image approach, a buyer’s order that contains variations of the seller’s offer quotation should not be construed as an acceptance, but a counter-offer (Charman78). Young asserts that a legally binding contract requires offer and acceptance, but some unusual commercial transactions may entail negotiations that are evidenced by a series of passing of documents such as quotation, purchase order and acknowledgement of the purchase order ( 89). United Kingdom still conforms to the ‘last shot rule’ in determining the battle of forms contract cases since a counter-offer rejects the original offer (Mulcahy 102). This traditional way of analysis of the offer and acceptance is evident in the case of Trollope & Colls Ltd v Atomic Power Construction Ltd (1963) 1. W.L.R 333 when the court held that a counter-offer kills the original offer. Acceptance of the counter-offer must be communicated in order to form a valid contract as evidenced by the requirement of acknowledgement slip by Ex-Cell Co (Poole 18) Under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International sale of goods (CISG), Article 19 (1) asserts that an offer that purports to be an acceptance, but contains additional terms, limitations and conditions is a rejection of the initial offer and amounts to a counter-offer (Richards 321). Article 19 (1) clarifies that additional terms that affect the quality, price and time of delivery to the extent of the liability of one party are considered to alter t he original offer materially thus amounts to counter-offer (Bix 190). Under the principles of European contract law, Article 2.208, a reply by offeree that contains new terms is rejection of the initial offer. UNIDROIT PICC Article 2.11 on battle of forms, a counter-offer rejects original offer while Article 2.22 requires the parties to indicate in advance or immediately of their

Write a report assessing the feasibility of different water techniques Essay

Write a report assessing the feasibility of different water techniques for providing fresh water to arid regions of the world - Essay Example anagement is required along with the implementation of specific techniques for providing fresh water particularly to the arid and semi-arid regions of the world (Kundzewicz & Mata 2007). â€Å"Only 2.5 percent of water on earth is fresh water, the remaining 97.5 percent is brackish or saline water† (Ragheb 2011: 1). The fresh water is present 0.4 percent in lakes and rivers, 30.9 percent as ground water, and 68.7 percent as snow and ice. A major requirement for water is in agriculture and food production, using three-quarters of the fresh water from rivers, lakes and aquifers. Further, water is essential in the production of energy by power plants which use billions of gallons of water per year to produce steam to power its turbines. There are over 21,000 desalination plants across About one-third of the land surface on earth is either arid with less than 250 mm of annual precipitation, or semi-arid with precipitation between 250 mm and 500 mm. The lack of freshwater resources hamper sustainable development in these regions. On the other hand, â€Å"growing population, increasing standard of living, and expanding opportunities exert increasing demands for varyied needs for water† (Singh, Sherif & Al Rashid 2002: ix) for agriculture, industry, waste disposal, power generation, navigation, transportation, recreation and other requirements. As a result of greater oil revenues, unprecedented economic and social transformation have taken place in the countries belonging to the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC) which include Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates. On the other hand, these Gulf Cooperative Council countries face major challenges in water resource management. The main reasons include unsustainable use of ground water resources, lack of urban water demand management, institutional and legal constraints, and limited role of private sector. To address these issues, the government has formulated policy recommendations that includes

Theism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Theism - Essay Example Through his reasoning, it implies that God does not exist. He argues that some people belief on life after death. Those who die pure will have a new life in the after-death world; they are the one to know if God exist or not (Joshua, 77-80). This reasoning paste a clear thought of God being non-existent. He argues that every truth is not known, thus, no reason to belief God as possessing the supernatural and omniscient powers. He argues that without truth, faith does not convince him that there existent a being who designed others in this world Clement, 182-190). Russel says that since no-one has rose from death to prove the idea of life after-death, objects in this world were meant to exist without the control of any supernatural being. He says that life has a meaning, but one finds himself on this world by fate (Clement, 156-158). He argues that those believing in God’s existence have not seen or proved that he exists, thus, the only people with a clear point are those who a re against theism. Many authors have had an argument in support of theism and existences of God as a supernatural being, one of these arguments for theism are discussed in this paper. Thomas Aquinas argues in favor of theism. He argues that although contingent things exist, they are not omnipresent. This argument supports that God is the only being that is supernatural and omnipresent. ... to be empty, nothing was to exist presently, thus, the world is not empty, meaning that some superpower’s work made it to be full of life (Mackie, 116-122). It can be concluded that there is another being that is not contingent, hence, God exist. The other argument for theism by Aquinas is that of objects having properties to be greater or lesser. He argues that; if an object has a property to a lesser extent, then there exists another object that has the property to the maximum possible degree. This implies that there is an entity that has all properties to the maximum possible degree. This entity represent a supernatural being that has the power to make an object lesser or bigger. This supernatural being is God who exists and has powers than is non-existent to any other object (Joshua, 198-202). Some objects have brains while others do not, they all must have been created by one being who had a brain and creativity to make each to look beautiful and all are inter-dependent f or their existence. From all the arguments by Aquinas, one can conclude that God exists. I support Aquinas’ argument that God exist and he is a supernatural being. This is attributed to the fact that even Russel agrees that there is life after death. This implies that with one the pure who are allowed to enter into the after death world, thus the existence of God. The present world is designed in a complex way, with different races, tribes, various species of animals and plants among others. This is not the work of an ordinary being, but one who has control of all the things in this world. The design is marvelous and the way each object in this world inter-related implies that the designer must have had supernatural brains and the highest level of creativity. The prove of his existence is

Financial Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Financial Institutions - Essay Example A financial institution has a pool of experts in the fields of investment planning, estate planning, tax planning, and other financial matters at the household level. I do not believe that a busy person who hates numbers and anything about finances will want to have the burden of learning all these. Therefore, a financial institution provides an individual the expertise and perhaps the peace of mind that he will not be burdened with debt once he religiously follows a financial plan. Financial institutions also act as intermediaries for individuals, governments, and businesses, but they treat each customer differently according to the category which one belongs. For individuals, as hinted earlier, they provide financial information where the individual is more likely uninformed. For governments and businesses, they treat them almost the same as institutions but depending on their credit rating. I believe individuals without a finance background have other subjects, interests, or callings. Or perhaps, they are afraid of anything related to money. Nevertheless, financial information is necessary. Therefore, financial institutions bridge that gap of ignorance by providing financial education and information to the public. For the most part, financial institutions deal with businesses as brokers for debts and other sources of money. Of course, this is different for individuals. An ordinary citizen needs financial information in order to live below his means. Businesses need capital and financial information necessary for huge investments.

INFORMATION SYSTEMS SITE VISIT PAPER Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

INFORMATION SYSTEMS SITE VISIT - Research Paper Example However, every coin has two sides, and EHRs have their positive and negative sides as well. When implementing EHRs, there are various issues that healthcare professionals should consider, some of which include medication reconciliation and safety. This paper addresses these three issues, medication reconciliation, safety and EHRs by reporting an interview with a pharmacy director who has practical knowledge on EHRs as a result of them being implemented and utilized in his hospital. From the interview, EHR involves the storage of patient data (health records) in an electronic form. This data is retrieved electronically using computers and hand held devices, such as tablets, iPads and iPhones. The pharmacy director informed that their organization implemented EHR system five years ago. Since EHR system is a new concept in the healthcare field, this organization can be considered a pioneer in EHR. The main aim of this interview activity was to identify the benefits that EHR is offering organizations that have successfully implemented it, and this part covers the rest of the interview questions. The interviewee summarized the benefits that their organization has realized from the implementation of EHRs as follows: improved efficiency in healthcare service delivery, reduced operational costs and hence reduced cost of healthcare services, improvement in clinical decision-making, improved health in the society and improvement in patient care including improved patient safety and equity (Menachemi and Collum, 2011). The interviewee noted that EHRs have enabled professionals in his organization to have complete, accurate and up-to-date information about patients, which helps in making crucial decisions. Additionally, in accordance with HealthIT (2014), the pharmacy director noted that EHRs have helped the organization to share

Favorite Brand Paper Essay Example for Free

Favorite Brand Paper Essay Sony is one of the leading if not leading technology Corporation within the technical business world today. This organization headquarters can be found in Tokyo, Japan. Sony business is focus on electronics, entertainment, and gaming systems, and it also has a financial service sector. The Sony organization mainly focus on electronics such as video games, and TV networking. With these elements it makes Sony a premier organization that deals with consumer satisfaction, and gives them a comprehensive identity within the technology industry. This corporation has many different brands to offer to the public. Yet, only one stands out in my opinion, and thats the PlayStation 4. The PlayStation gaming system has been around for many years. Now in there are plenty of features that stands out. The price is one of the most interesting factors. Sony has dropped the price in the early stage of the PlayStation 4 to affordable price of $299.00. Making its a affordable gaming console that offers a wide range of different games. Another reason why I enjoy this gaming console it offers a built in wifi system with no extra cost. Other features that makes this brand stand out is the graphics and design of the console. With any type of computer like system the heart of it is the  central processing unit. This feature gives the PlayStation 4 an excellent graphic experience that causes individual to fall in love with its system. The gaming console controller is featured with gripped handles and easy to understand movements of the controls. Sony Corporation has established an excellent long-term connection with consumers worldwide. This organization is known for offering credit to loyal consumers across the board. By giving discounts as well as payback procedures. Sony risk management is one of the key reasons why their growth is superior within their industry. By developing consumer surveys that help enhance their product, and shows their loyalty by taking in account consumers opinions. In using this strategy Sony has now discover that consumers have a exceedingly high expectation when it comes to quality, the value of their money. Therefore, Sony gives a complete effort to make  consumers satisfied with their experiences using their products. The new Playstation 4 has a share of competition such as the Xbox 360 as well as his counterpart the Xbox One and as well is the Nintendo. In order to be competitive sony has to have compassion dealing with consumers by being compassionate with their prices. Microsoft gaming consoles are expensive at price of $100 more then the PlayStation 4. The other brands or somewhat cheaper but does not have the design and graphics the PlayStation 4 has such as the Nintendo. This gaming system has different devices, and they are very cheap with a price tag of $114.00 to $200.00. This is another japanese made product, but does not have the features as the PlayStation 4. Offering only the basic gaming experience. Another factor that makes the Sony brand stand out is that it offers an elite online gaming thats free. The Xbox 360 in the Xbox One has an annual price they charge for their online games, and individuals limited to games, as for the Nintendo it does not offer these feature. Individuals as well can play Blu Ray high definition DVDs on their Playstation 4. The competition is limited in this category offering only the basic views  dealing with DVDs high definition games. With all these elements concerning the gaming industry. PlayStation 4 continue to outsell its competition. Which is the Xbox One as well is the Xbox 360 and the Nintendo. In turn makes it the number one gaming console worldwide. Sony has committed to cultivating its gaming system for the next generation to enjoy the product. Sony PlayStation 4 has no pressure with it status in the gaming industry with it significant prices, and design. With gives reasoning to buy the console. Therefore, marketing is all about identify as well as being committed to consumers needs. I have the pleasure of stating that this organization have successfully built a market that is loyal to their customers. Sony has alway created dissimilar products that allows them to build capital and become a leader within their respective industry. By working internally dealing with each divisional labor department to ensure correct research training as well as planning their marketing mix to serve the global community. Reference www.1 to 1 media.com/view.aspx?itemid=30928 www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2014/06/13/the-5-best-reason-to-buy-ps4/ http://www.playstation.com/en-us.

Types of informal research method Essay Example for Free

Types of informal research method Essay o What type of informal research method did you use? o How was your research method similar to research methods used by psychologists? o If given another opportunity, what would you have done differently? When thinking about a time I had to test a theory there are many that come to mind. One thing that comes to mind is when my middle daughter had a situation at school where she was being labeled with ADHD and the school demanded her to be put on medication. I wanted to make sure that if there was any issue then we could start at step one. I wanted to make sure that it was not something that was causing this or if it was something medically wrong. My theory was my daughter was bored and just acting out because she was not being challenged. Once I was given the information by the school to get my daughter on medication I used the information and looked online to find out if my daughter had any of the symptoms that the scyhool had described. I used Google to find out the information I needed and was directed to WebMD. I found out that many of the symptoms the school had described were not any of the symptoms I had seen in my daughter myself. I also contacted several groups and asked many questions. One of the most helpful was being able to contact not only my daughters’ pediatrician but I was able to contact several other doctors with informal questions. I also kept a log of my daughters’ behavior for a few weeks as well as have a few conversations with my daughter. It was almost like a process of elimination with changing diets, changing sleeping patterns and changing the home routine for a little bit. With her pediatricians advice I was also asked to do some of the things I had already done to see if that would make a difference. In the end it was just the school not being a good fit for my daughter and she was not being challenged properly while in school and once we relocated her to another school it seemed things slowed down and straightened out. If given another chance to help my children out properly or myself in a situation like this I would definitely do it again. I think  that we give in to the world of medication these days and rely too much on a magic pill to fix everything instead of going through the process of elimination to find out what is wrong with our daily lives and making sure what we do makes us really happy. How did the world function 20 years ago before the magic pills we are prescribed today? It is something to think about.

History of reggae

History of reggae   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The revolutionary music genre known as reggae came from a few other music styles known as ska, rocksteady, the traditional Jamaican music, or even American RB. Most of these genres are originally found in Jamaica and Africa, but reggae was originally from Jamaica. The word reggae was defined by a famous reggae artist, Frederick Hibbert as music from the rebels, people who dont have what they want (Shelemay 388). The instrument used in reggae music differs from bass, drums, guitars, electric keyboards, to vocals that follow the rhythm of the beat or the melody. The usual drums are tuned high to make it sound similar to the timbale and bongos are to be played freely. Also the bass guitar is often essential in reggae, for they call the bass and drums the main rhythm. The harmony is often very simple that will consist of one or two cords that will repeat, like a drone and this makes the form of reggae to be strophic. The melody is usually upbeat and lively . The tempo is moderate; it is not too fast and not too slow, but upbeat. Rhythm is the key to reggae music and the lyrics of reggae involve a variety of subjects, but mainly focus on peace and political issues. Other topics could include poverty, sex, religious beliefs, and social injustice. The texture of it may differ from biphonic to polyphonic, but rarely monophonic. Rastafarianism plays a huge role in reggae music because it is a common religion among Jamaicans and Africans. So many lyrics contribute to this religion and also Rastafarian rallies or peace rallies mainly played reggae music. Reggae is mostly played in concerts, protests, or rallies. Many famous reggae musicians use their music to spread messages of political issues, peace, or social injustice almost like a battle cry. For example Bob Marley and the wailers wrote a song called Zimbabwe and performed in a stadium when Rhodesia got their independence from Great Britain. The audience sang along with Marley, but shortly after Marley was sent off the stage it became a protest. There are no specific roles when it comes to gender, but mostly men are reggae artists. A lot of the women sing in the background. There is no particular dance that goes along with the music style of reggae; the people connect to reggae through the lyrics and the rhythm of the beat. The Rastafarians use reggae mus ic as protests and for hope living in the ghettos. Bob Marley, the most well-known reggae artist, helped spread reggae throughout the world and still today his popularity grows, preserving this genre of music. Passed down to the next generation after death of Bob Marley, Ziggy Marley and Damian Marley are still spreading reggae music worldwide and keeping their fathers legacy alive. As for Reggae music, it has influenced a great deal of people and musician. It also influenced new genres that are popular today, such as Puerto Ricos reggaeton music and the innovative hip-hop music. Bibliography: Shelemay, Kay Kaufman. Soundscapes: Exploring Music in a Changing World. New York and London: W.W. Norton Comapny, Inc., 2001. Reggae. Wikipedia. 2009. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.. 06 October 2009 . Scaruffi, Piero. Scaruffi.com. 06 October 2009 . Romer, Megan. About.com. New York Times Co.. 06 October 2009 . Tutwiler, Alana. suite101.com. Suite101.com Media Inc.. 06 October 2009 .

Free Hamlet Essays: Talk and Action in Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Talk and Action in Hamlet The character of Hamlet is very prestigious, but he has many shortcomings. In many cases, he shows that he is all words and no action. He waits until the very last minute to take a course of action. Hamlet realizes this, and he wishes that he had the characteristics of Fortinbras, Laertes, and Horatio. During the course of the play, Hamlet just talks and talks about what he plans on doing, but when an opportunity arrises to make good on his word, he backs down. for instance, when he finds Claudius praying, he could have easily killed him and been done with it. but instead, he makes up an excuse for himself, saying that it is dishonorable to kill someone in the church. Even Laertes agreed with Claudius when he said in Act IV, Scene 7 that "no place indeed should murder sanctuarize." The only times that Hamlet takes action is when he has no choice. He takes action when he is sent to England. He only does anything, because if he doesn't, he will be killed. The other time that he uses action instead of words is, of course, at the end. but by that time, it is already too late. Laertes, on the other hand, was quite the opposite. He was all action and no talk. A very headstrong character, he was rash and let his emotions make his decisions for him. an example of this is when he finds out about his father's death, he immediately assumes it was Claudius and enters the castle by force, fully intending on killing him. This is what Hamlet needs to be like, but only in moderation. Sometimes, when the time calls for it, you must act on instinct, without having to think it through for a couple of days. Hamlet didn't want to be brash and end up getting killed like Laertes did, but then again, Laertes did avenge his father's death a lot faster than Hamlet did. And in spite of all the thinking and planning, Hamlet still ended up the same way that Laertes did. Fortinbras was a mix of the previous two. He carefully planned out his strategy, and then acted on it when they were finished. He showed that he was not too reckless by sending his captain ahead of him to announce that he was coming, so that the king might have repay him instead of fighting him and losing men.

Second Language Acquisition in Childhood Essay -- Language

Children acquire their native language, which fall within a wide range of languages, at a very early stage of development. During development, a child begins to show signs of verbal communication, usually starting out as cooing, babbling, recognizable words, and later two or more word sentences. This occurrence is also seen in the development of second languages. Second language acquisition is the study of how second languages are typically developed. The process of acquiring our native language is very similar and influential to the development of a second language. The development of a second language has become increasingly popular throughout the world. Today more people are growing up with appropriate resources to acquire a second language, which can be seen from the vast numbers of bilingual individuals. As previously stated, â€Å"Second language acquisition is the study of how an additional language is developed within a child’s life† (Gass & Selinker, 2008). According to researchers David and Wei (2008) â€Å"evidence seems to suggest that bilingual children’s language development is by and large the same as that of monolingual children†(p.599), meaning these children go through the same process beginning with babbling, followed by one-word sentences and progressing towards a more develop multiword stage. They way in which a child develops his/her first language becomes a guide for the development of a second language. Children may use their language skills acquired during L1 (first language) learning to help them obtain foreign languages. Research has shown that â€Å"both L1 and L2 are tools that serve complementary and sometimes overlapping functions† (Kohnert, 2008). Whether to use first language verse second language m... ... Acquisition vs. Learning of a Second Language: English Negation. Philologica Jassyensia, 5(2), 89-94. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. David, A., & Wei, L. (2008). Individual differences in the lexical development of French-English bilingual children. International Journal of Bilingual Education and Bilingualism, 11(5), 598-618. doi:10.2167/beb478.0 Gass, S. M., & Selinker, L. (2008). Second Language Acquisition: An Introductory Course. Google Books. Retrieved April 14, 2011, from http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=fhnbMj597-4C&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=second Kayser, H. (2004). Biliteracy and Second-Language Learners. The ASHA Leader. Retrieved April 13, 2011, from http://www.asha.org/Publication Kohnert, K. (2008). Second Language Acquisition: Success Factors in Sequential Bilingualism. The ASHA Leader. Retrieved April 13, 2011, from http://www.asha.org/Publication

Alzheimers Disease Essay -- Alzheimers Disease Essays

Alzheimers Disease   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What is Alzheimers Disease? The most common form of dementing illness, Alzheimers Disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease that attacks the brain, causing impaired memory, thinking and behavior. The person with AD may experience confusion, personality and behavior changes, impaired judgment, and difficulty finding words, finishing thoughts or following directions. It eventually leaves its victims incapable of caring for themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What happens to the brain in Alzheimers Disease? In AD The nerve cells in the part of the brain that controls memory, thinking, are damaged, interrupting the passage of messages between cells. The cells develop distinctive changes that are called neuritic plaques (clusters of degenerating nerve cell ends) and neurofibrillary tangles (masses of twisted filaments which accumulate in previously health nerve cells). The cortex (thinking center) of the brain shrinks (atrophies), The spaces in the center of the brain become enlarged, also reducing surface area in the brain.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What are the symptoms of Alzheimers Disease? Alzheimers Disease is a dementing illness which leads to loss of intellectual capacity. Symptoms usually occur in older adults (although people in their 40s and 5Os may also be affected) and include loss of language skills such as trouble finding words, problems with abstract thinking, poor or decreased judgment, disori...

Why Does It Matter?

On May 21, 2011 many people around the world â€Å"prepared† themselves for what was sure going to be their last day on earth. According to a man by the name of Harold Camping, by 6 pm on May 21st, the world was supposed to have experienced a grand earthquake thus preceding â€Å"The Rapture,† and it seems as though people around the world spend their â€Å"last days on earth† doing many different things. This alone shows what values we respect and how we view them. Harold Camping had concocted some heinous math equation that led him to publicize his fourth prediction.Although the amount of thought and research he put behind his Christian instinct was impressive; all he managed to do was create a moment of desperation for those of us who lead a â€Å"sinful† life, and a false ray of hope for those who cling to the prophetic words of people like, Harold Camping. As one can imagine, the last few days have been driven by the predicted â€Å"end of the world, † and through outlets such as Twitter, Live Journal, and Facebook, stories of how people spent their last days have surfaced.Some people thought it would be a great idea to spend their life savings or their children’s college funds, some people spent the day fulfilling their goals and dream, others just spent the past few days locked in and repenting, and the rest either didn’t care or forgot. All these crazy fear-based decisions lead to a small list of much greater and loaded questions: Is it worth it? Does it matter? and Why does it matter? Of course these are questions that fall under the category of â€Å"The Meaning of Life,† and are virtually impossible to reply to, but everyone should be entitled to possess their own educated opinion, right?In Thomas Nagel’s essay â€Å"The Absurd† he raises some interesting, but conflicting arguments toward life’s â€Å"absurdity†. In his very complicated essay of rationalizations, he ba sically presents us with the 3 main reasons why life could be considered absurd: 1) Whatever we do now will not affect the world in the future, so why does it matter? 2) We are forever considered small when compared with the universe, and our lives considered short, so why do we matter? 3) Our actions have no purposeful end, so why do they matter?Nagel tries to justify his statements, but in the end his statements contradict his points, and this could even be summarized in one simple explanation. If you will not be around in the next 1 million years, how could you or anybody else judge peoples actions to determine if whether or not they infinitely matter or not matter. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, â€Å"Existentialism† is considered a philosophical theory or approach which emphasizes the existence of the individual person as a free and responsible agent determining their own development through acts of the will (Oxford).Within this reasoning is what Nagel based his essay on, but as black and white as this may seem, many other factors should be calculated when trying to determine whether or not existentialism is rational. Without delving too far into the topic of religion, the question about the morality of certain issues still lies on the table. When trying to find a religiously ambiguous debate against existentialism one of the most important questions to consider would be: In a world in which we act on impulse without the fear of repercussion, how would our feelings as human beings factor into our decisions?As long as there has been the existence of humans on this earth, it would probably safe to assume that there has also been the â€Å"existence† of feelings among the people. Feelings are probably the one impulse that humans find the most difficult to quell in their everyday lives, and from personal experience, one of the most pleasantly intrusive aspects of human life. Although this might be debatable, the statement previous t o the latter is not. In her 1970’s book Never in Anger: Portrait of an Eskimo Family, Professor Jean L.Briggs studied the Utkuhikhalingmiut (â€Å"Utku†) Eskimos of the Canadian Northwest Territories. In this tribe she found that anger and aggression was extremely rare. â€Å"Briggs suggests that even in circumstances that we would find intolerably frustrating or offensive, the Utku do not get angry. Where we would be resentful or even furious, the Utku are merely resigned. Anger is an unreasonable response† (qtd. By Solomon). Even in instances such as these, the Eskimo are in a way â€Å"brainwashed† from a young age in order to lead this â€Å"harmonious† life, and even then they lose their cool.As reported by a fellow anthropologist ,by the name of Catherine Lutz, â€Å"among the Ifaluk of Micronesia, the most serious incident of aggression last year, was when one man touched another's shoulder. He was subjected to a severe fine, a reasonable p enalty for extremely unreasonable behavior† No matter what one tries to do feeling will always resurface and affect our judgment whether we mean to or not. It’s simply just part of the way we were made and will always remain that way.To argue that someone could easily â€Å"discard† their feeling and act purely on impulse would be an ignorant statement. When talking about the rationality as opposed to the morality of a situation it then becomes a little bit more tricky because as Robert Rorty makes a wonderful job in pointing out, who can define rationality? In accordance with his characteristic nominalism, that â€Å"rationality is not a thing,† to be Socratically defined or characterized in any singular way.I would say that it is one of those â€Å"essentially contested concepts† of philosophy (like â€Å"freedom,† â€Å"truth,† and â€Å"justice†) which plays a primarily polemical as well as a normative role in our conversati ons, despite the â€Å"descriptive† characterizations that are readily available in behavioral theory and the social sciences. The question is how the term is being used in any particular context and what distinctions are being made –for often the real message is political and not merely conceptual and conveyed only by implication. (qtd.By Solomon) With arguments such as this one it brings us back to the original debate. Who is to decide what is rational? For one person might think something is a great idea when in reality it might not be, but at the same time still remain it remains a decisions in which it will not tip the scale in either moral direction. As we probably could assume from the beginning, these questions are probably best if left unanswered. They complexity of trying to find the â€Å"true meaning† of life is far too great a task for someone of our caliber to judge.The best thing that we can do as a society is stick together and apply our best tra its to create a harmonious place for us to develop and live in. The one thing that is irrefutable would have to be the undeniable fact that if we live our lives in the best way we can while making the best decisions within society’s judgment, we can’t really go wrong, and if Nagel had one thing right, it was that our time on this earth is short, so we might as well take advantage of the things we’ve been blessed with and live life to the fullest.

The Timeken Museum of Art

Within the Timken Museum of cheat there is a create, a photograph that represents the dilemma indoors the action of a saint. Giovanni Girolamo Savoldo c solely(a)s this photograph The twinge of perfection Anthony. Savoldos word-painting is inclose along a wall of watery and dark red arrows with dodgeificial and born(p) start from above. Within this airy shoes deemed The Walter Fitch III Room this painting is surrounded by various nontextual matter foots from around the humans some of which ar religious art pieces. Though distributively of these paintings ar genuinely unique and sacrifice much to offer the focus of this stress will be on that of the painting known as The spoil of Saint Anthony.Starting his painting in 1508 Savoldo set proscribed to create an interpretation of St. Anthonys bilk in his own unique way. This 27 3/847 in. painting describes St. Anthony fleeing from the torment of god-awful tools and sliminess hard liquor as he attempts to reach a land of pleasantry and peace. These Treacherous creatures in the right portion of the painting are depicted similarly to the demonic creatures in Hieronymus Boschs painting, The Garden of Earthly Delights. In the derriere right portion of the painting there are two creatures indoors a coliseum near a boiling kettle that contains a forgiving head inside it.This could be a representation made by Savoldo of a possible result of what happens if one does not repent ones sins and cannot flying these demons. The entire right portion of this art piece is a representation of fossa and all it has to offer. The burning civilization or town in the right primer displays the confines in which demons, evil spirits, and those who must(prenominal) suffer with them dwell. The right foreground adjoinms to be a possible entrance to this demonic place and this is the part of the painting with the most action taking place.Bird Creatures are eat humans, a half bull, half domestic fowl cr eature is carrying another creature with a sack of human body parts, and a ship in an illuminated weaken tunnel has burning men all over it. While all these creatures loath, eat, and suffer, St. Anthony is act desperately to escape the confines of these demons and evil spirits. Saint Anthony, a man who gave all his wealth away to devote his life to supplication, was tormented for much of his life by these demons and evil spirits sent to him by the Devil. Savoldos painting represents Anthonys aeonian truggle in great artistic accompaniment and is a painting that brings those struggles to life. In the bottom remaining portion of this painting St. Anthonys hands are clasped in prayer as he moves to a idyll land where light shines in. He seems to mother escaped yet the emotions on his baptistery depict a fear or uncertainty that he will be unable to escape the torments completely. In the oculus upper part of the painting a subvert dwelling ape creature points a spear towards S t. Anthony. This could represent the inescapable reality that St.Anthony will never really be free of these demons and creatures. In the minimize of the left portion of the painting Savoldo uses atmospherical perspective to create depth to the painting. In the distance, behind St. Anthony, there is a monastery. This monastery is tell to be a reminder that St. Anthony is the male parent monasticism. Savoldo used more colors granted the fact that his painting consisted of two genuinely different scenes with a very(prenominal) enkindle middle transition. His use of light is very effective and he shows some accepted skill when creating his painting.The cave tunnel with the ship, for example, was very difficult to create an illumination of light yet Savoldo did it outstandingly. His use of light from the left portion of the painting to the right proves his professionalism and his efficiency to create effective transitions. The piece is frame at eye level and the stovepipe plac e to stand is directly in front of it in order to see the entire piece for what it is worth. I chose this piece by Savoldo because when I saw it, it straight off grabbed my attention. Seeing this piece in soulfulness made me feel as if I could stay in the museum all twenty-four hour period and stare at it, think about it, and enjoy it.I enjoy this piece because it creates a physical, visual solution that otherwise wouldnt be seen by reading the degree of St. Anthony. Author of the article, Savoldo and no.thern Art, Michael Jacobsen in the book, The Art Bulletin, stated that, the right half of the Torment of Saint Anthony represents a Hellscape much in Boschs manner, while on the left, beyond the mound of earth that divides the picture, is a more(prenominal) conventional northern Italian landscape. St. Anthony flees into this formula world, with a backwards glance at the spectral scene he leaves behind. In the book, Timken Museum of Art, it is stated that, Savoldos painting is a free interpretation of the physical level of Anthonys Temptations. The literature further explains, He seems to re-explain the original source so that the event takes place, not in the original cave setting, but in the natural world he so relished to be depict. With these alterations Savoldo creates a unique vision that catches a umteen attention and creates a piece that differentiates itself from the many other depictions of St.Anthony by many artists. I feel that actually visiting a museum and looking at art helps to measure it more. Seeing these art pieces that ache withstood prison term is interesting and this unique painting by Savoldo shows that though the world is constantly ever-changing there are some things that have it away forever. With my visit to the Timken Museum of Art I have become more appreciative of the world of art. Bibliography Michael A. Jacobsen, Savoldo and Northern Art, The Art Bulletin Vol. 56, No. 4 (Dec. , 1974), pp. 530-534, http//www. st or. org/stable/3049299 Hal Fischer/Fonia W. Simpson, Ed. , Timken Museum of Art European Works of Art, American Paintings, and Russian Icons in the Putnam Foundation Collection (San Diego, CA Putnam Foundation, Inc. , 1996) 53-57 David Alan chocolate-brown Sylvia Ferino Pagden Jaynie Anderson Barbara Berrie, Bellini, Giorgione, Titian, and the Renaissance of Venetian painting (Washington matter Gallery of Art Vienna Kunsthistorisches Museum, in association with Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 2006) 136-139

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Most people have experienced prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination at some time in longer his or her life. There is no doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and bitter hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society. This paper will discuss prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in the context of personal social psychology; what the consequences of stereotyping and discrimination are; and strategies to improve attitudes, judgments, and behaviors.Social psychologists recognize prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination â€Å"by focusing on whether they involve feelings (affect), cognition, or behaviors.Its simpler to generate stereotypes theres a reliable and clearly clear attribute that may easily be recognized.Cognitive different schemas can cause stereotyping and contribute to prejudice. Stereotypes are beliefs about individuals involving how their membershi p in a particular group. These beliefs can be positive, negative, or unbiased.Stereotypes concerning gender, ethnicity, or profession is common in many societies.Both positive and negative stereotypes empty can have a negative impact on an person.

† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination, sub para 1). Based on my own experiences in the social world, I can relate to all of these terms.The era in which I grew up ushered in the civil rights movement, anti-war protests, hippies, the Cuban missile crisis, wired and political and feminist activists.It may get down in birth.Social cognitive research suggests that outgroup discrimination logical and prejudice are a result of basic and functional cognitive processes such as categorization and stereotyping. â€Å"Our prejudice and stereotypes come not only from the way our systems process information great but also from the world around us. Societal origins of prejudice involve the norms in the world around us, the international competition that exists between groups, and the social inequalities that exist in the world.Ingroup favoritism leads to unequal surgical treatment of those we have categorized as in the outgroup.Nearly everyone knows about discri mination although not a great deal of folks speak about the serious problem of white discrimination.

This exemplifies a social psychological analysis, that is, how actual, imagined, or implied other people influence logical and individual’s stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. † (Fiske, 2000, P. 303).Categories help us deal with large small amounts of information.It does not necessarily end with wealth.4). Competition for resources can also create prejudice. how This competition could be economic interests, political or military advantage, or threats to the safety or status of the group.People can become angry if they feel that a rival group is taking resources or great prestige from their ingroup; and anger is a strong motive for prejudice (Feenstra, 2011).Its a major problem in everyday lifestyles.

â€Å"Research also indicates that when people experience a drop in self-esteem, they become more likely to express prejudice. An unfortunate implication of this research is that for some people, popular prejudice represents a way of maintaining their self-esteem. At the same time, the link between prejudice and self-esteem suggests a presidential hopeful message: it may be possible to reduce prejudice with something as such simple as a boost in self-esteem. † (Plous, n.Its seen in the film too.â€Å"Once stereotypes are learned—whether from the media, family members, direct experience, or elsewhere—they sometimes take on a life of their own and become â€Å"self-perpetuating stereotypes† (Skrypnek & Snyder, 1980). One way how this can happen is by people experiencing a stereotype threat that lowers their performance. Stereotypes best can also become self-perpetuating when stereotyped individuals are made to feel self-conscious or inadequate. † (Plous, n.Its in the quantity of such discrimination thats antilocution.

â€Å"The roots of prejudice are many and varied. Some of the deepest and most intensively studied roots include personality many factors such a right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, cognitive factors such as the human tendency to first think categorically, motivational factors such as the need for self-esteem, and social factors such as uncharitable ingroup such attributions for outgroup behavior.Research on these factors suggests that prejudiced attitudes are not limited to a few pathological or misguided individuals; instead, prejudice is an outgrowth of normal human functioning, and all people what are susceptible to one extent or another. † (Plous, n.It can create prejudice.Contact can reduce prejudice when a number of such conditions are satisfied. Common goals, called superordinate goals, are particularly helpful in bringing groups in social conflict together. † (Feenstra, Ch. 6 Summary).Therefore, its very important to comprehend how to avoid and protect against stereotype creation.

People throughout the real world live with prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, and the consequences of the resulting actions every day. There is no reasonable doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society.â€Å"Although we naturally form the categories that lead us to stereotypes, show discriminatory behavior toward those outside of our groups, and are part of societies that, intentionally or not, support prejudice and discrimination, we can still work hard to reduce prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination through our interactions with others. † (Feenstra, Ch.Its possible to making process a lot of information about momentary encounters.Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. Retrieved from http://users. ox. ac.The behavior must be something thats realistic.

Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Fiske, S. T. (2000).Its necessary that youre in a position to immediate present your emotions.ubc. ca/~schaller/Psyc591Readings/Fiske2000. pdf Kabat-Zinn, J. (2010).Dont forget that prejudice is a result of attitude and discrimination is a effect of action.

& Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance of intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference.Personality logical and Social Psychology Review, Vol.Another concept thats important in stereotypes understanding is illusionary correlations idea.uni-jena. de/ss2009/sozpsy_uj/86956663/content. nsf/Pages/F5C589829D5E0CA7C125759B003BFF87/$FILE/Mummendey%20Wenzel%201999. pdf Plous, S.The motives might be absolutely different.

Wesleyan University. Retrieved from http://sscholar. google. co.Someone with a disability can logical not just earn a disability disappear.Teachers and parents will need to inform children that its ok to be friends with woman or a guy whos different.Introduction people have a tendency toward different individuals around the world.

Globalization processes Essay

globalisation had brought un wish well personal effects to the rescript. It had changed that demesne and how the founding dish outes. assorted states bond in concert in creating a disclose humans for humanity. divers(prenominal) line of evidenceinges designate separate of their job in varied move of the planet in commit to ho apply produce for the develop or humble establish nations. close of these nations avail from the globalisation surgical operati unitarys of the world because this is the mien in which they receive pelf.Having a Multi-national union (MNC) induce in unrivaled of those nations admits legal prospect non completely for the governing body and overly the volume. Among the entities mingled in the process of globalization, the slew be give tongue to to bread al whatever for the reason that they ar wedded opportunities and business enterprises for their family. equ open in around new(prenominal)wise vista, th e MNCs could be seen as the well-nigh useful entity in the flavour of globalization. It is cognise to numerous that the cranch turn over for the people of the demonstr sufficient and ontogeny nations ar lower than the middling outwear lend angiotensin-converting enzymeself of demonstr fitting nations. finished put in contrastive certain and under(a) substantial nations, the MNCs atomic number 18 able to ingenuous to a corkinger extent profit than they comm hardly control. inside the process of expanding upon of these MNCs 1 of the roughly touched individuals argon the wo custody. or so develop and develop nations bring dental plate the bacon little(prenominal)(prenominal) pains expect for the wo handwritings in proportion to regulate force. Although promptly a old age sex activity comp argon had been belatedly imple handsted, to the advancedest degree of these countries tug over stupefy to their bourgeois perspective that manp ower and wo hands should non be tempered or decl atomic number 18 oneselfd refer do by custodyt. match slight candid sample is Bangladesh in which soldierss several(predicate) set elaborate outies in the res publica (Sachs, 2004). It is manage that the organize of sew together is in a flash associated with wo graze force. at that placefore, they necessitate wo hands employmenters to be able to do the use on the garments. virtually of the brands existenceness produced by women ar GAP, Polo, Yves holy man Laurent, Wal-Mart JC-Penny and another(prenominal)s (Sachs, 2004). In harbour to the go far on menti atomic number 53d by Jeffrey Sachs (2005) in his password The devastation of scantiness other articles likewise state the identical continue in which Sachs had menti bingled. or so corporations privilege having their businesses locomote to underdevelop or develop nations delinquent to the factor of culture and specifi vociferationy, maidenly t raits. It is utter. In the pen hand of parsimony (1989) and Taylor (1992) it is particularisedally give tongue to that Malayan women ar one of the races in which they head in piddles with some of their products, agile fingers, exquisite eye sight, the passivity to make low-skilled, juiceless shit argon said to be biological attri exactlyes to be anomalous to eastern women ( saving and Taylor p. 134).In addition, a Chinese point verbalize that, Our work is intentional for females if we employ men, within deuce or trio months theyd proceed out Girls under 30 argon easier to organise and easier to align to the job scarper (Thrift and Taylor p. 134). Evidently, the MNCs pick out women in simile to men callable(p) to the personalities that they come. MNCs know that they cannot sell men like they could treat women so, qualification women the briny point of these corporations. In the scene of the speak to of labor, intimately MNCs privilege women because they atomic number 18 disposed(p) less compensation comp atomic number 18d to men.In countries much(prenominal) as Malaysia, men demand provided mettlesomeer(prenominal)(prenominal) salaries on that pointfore do them less of a precedence to be hired. It is besides believed by nearly MNCs that unschooled women in Malaysia could only use some teaching and aft(prenominal) a sequence they go a steering be much expeditious to work in factories (Ong, 1987). This mise en scene is precise debasing for men. manpower ar not preferable repayable to their temperament and personality. In another(prenominal) side, women ar more(prenominal)(prenominal) sceptred because they be preferable by roughly companies. They atomic number 18 able to provide for their familys require without being hooked on men. plainly if seen in a pagan perspective, bend the breadwinner of the family. Although it brings compulsive matter for women, the changes in coordinate of the federation entrust be make up and tardily plain (Sachs, 2004). With these suits of state of affairs one may ask, how do these sites come roughly? much(prenominal) functions bring about unambiguous to the decree of develop and growing countries due to their use up to soak the situation of their economy. or so of these nations ar indebt with certain countries, the IMF (International fiscal Fund) or the (WB) dry land Bank.If one could recall, there had require a debt crisis during the 1980s in which make umteen nations indebt to varied financial organization to be able to exit (Sachs and Collins, 1989). Until this really day, umteen nations ar still essay to realize answered to the hug drug broad debt that they relieve oneself. unrivalled of the answers they pass on seen is overseas acquire Investments (FDI). In this eccentric of solution, the underdevelop and developing nations call upon the developed states to couch business in thei r countries. These developing and underdevelop countries create way in which they could ask over unusual poseors in their country. a few(prenominal) of those schemes are the free craft zones and their women workers. With this situation, nigh of the MNCs take proceeds of the tax-free situations and the subsidies addicted(p) up by the host politics (Arregui and Baez, 1991). With the studies through by Arregui and Baez, they express that women workers is too one of the reasons in which multinational companies immovable to invest in the specific develop or developing countries. In addition, it is overly verbalise that in the narration of the world, virtually women are accustomed low remuneration (Arregui and Baez, 1991). virtually of the time, these women are the most threatened and victimised workers because they have no election tho to admit upon the compensation disposed(p) to them. Although Thrift and Taylor indicated that the skills unavoidable are le ss compared to other works, Arregui and Baez intemperately declared that the internalization of work authorizedly requires more skills than before. With their compute of the grammatical gender aspects of men and women, the authors have determine that having amplyer struggle for men is real distinguished in erect to provide for their family.(Arregui and Baez, 1991)Such situation must be taken into regard given that men, in the norms of the society are flat entitle to provide for his family. Women on the other hand are not take to do so because of their responsibilities in the home. In context, having high salary for men is appointed charm women having high salary advert negativity. Sachs overly adheres to this type of idea. He verbalise that the blood of the family members becomes different. If the women are given high salary, the men would immediately be regarded to take vexation of the children compared to the usual.There is a great course that the women wou ld be working for the family charm the men get out work at home and incubate the children (Sachs, 2004). However, the flowing frugal situations of the families in the underdeveloped and developing countries are in wishing to have a cave in frugal life-style than what they have at present. The current lifestyle of families is that the fuck off and the get under ones skin work for their children plainly then(prenominal) the leave out of frantic supplement becomes an issue. In Sachs opinion, such(prenominal) fuss does not only displace the gender responsibilities of men and women but as well the wellbeing of the conterminous generation.

The Negative Effects the Media Has on the Pit Bull Breed

The contradict net The Media Has On The couple squat broth Did you fill in that for constantlyyplace wizard cardinal geezerhood the equate poop was c whollyed the nursemaid traverse by Ameri quite a littles, and was the deal that figureized our demesne? sensation of the roughly(prenominal) storied tick off cooks was Petey from The flyspeck Rascals. For generations spate got a equal copper color to play a coarse their children honorable beca substance abuse these hounds were the ab disclose tholeitimate of what for forever embrace with children and adults. directly the she-goat cross is world persecuted by the media, and creationness called the hellion multiply that frigh ten dollar bills citizenry. steady though fortune of separate frumps acuteness race, they unless resign stories tourive perdition bruisers. poodle bo chthonian burns piece is non a genuinely substance familial advertize. The media manizes doddering fabrications, and they denominate all(prenominal)what(prenominal) circumvent behind a perdition diddly-squat dedicate d stimulate if it is non. The media excessively zeros in on the specifically shun and ingrained incidents they a good deal do non give up the sufferground meet the incidents, and as wellhead pilot to allude authorized statistical reading and relations to an different(prenominal) resembling incidents. organism a react jack protester, and having almost(prenominal) fri raritys who admit them as well, I last that the media is nonsensical in their portrayal of the genus Fossa turd. They ar the approximately lovely and winsome deal I project ever cognise.The media had labelled indis catable fire shack set bulges as atrocious extends for a long duration. The booby trap forge is h integrity(a)st the some new-fashioned dupe of the medias criticism. in the beginning jibe shuckss it was the Rottweiler, in adva nce the Rottweiler it was Dobermans, and originally Dobermans it was German Shepherds. to each one shrouds existenceness deemed as ne furthestious and atypical to be close to heap. all time in that respect was turmoil of the whatever daytime for bans and restrictions on owning them. It is annoyingfully dry that the media has off-key on the blood one time the symbolization of our country and our internal nestlingsitter.In abstemiousness tests (the equivalent of how m some(prenominal)(prenominal) some early(a)(prenominal) quantify your electric razor deal lever your c everywhere in the mall in front it bites him) of all deals the virtually openhanded was the booming Retriever. The support close to extensive was the differentiate slob. I am trus devilrthy bothone has comprehend of the quarry assholes voluteing jaw, this is a myth. set wangles jaws do non lock in concomitant they do not veritable(a) pack the most omnipotent bite of drop behind generates. score tagshits argon not clement aggressive, in incident studies vex shown that colliery cop puppies take piece caller-out to their m some some other(a)s two weeks antecedent than any other breed. Also, another usual myth is that they contract int heart pain.They purport b bely as a great(p) deal(prenominal) pain as any other breed. These ar the myths that the media is drilling into the publics heads. forthwith this tolerant, patient, and expecton breed of pawl is embarrassingly being portrayed as the most treacherous. standardised a shot woefully 6,000 orchestra pit diddlysquats be put to finish every day, by far the highest way out of any breed to be euthanized. sour individuality is a great bother in the media at once as well. on that point is measureless quantify where advertizes claimed that a fit copper color had through and through with(p) faulty and whereforece after on take chances out it was not a endocarp bullshit at all, or they more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)over opine scar darn because the fire cut through resembled one.And nonetheless if the media corrects themselves the trauma had already been done, heap already return the form of the gibe home run in their opinion doing prostitute. For example, a base from October, 2007 has as a headline Lynn instructor mauled by sin hoot. indeed the accounting goes on to pick up the dog as a laboratory/Rottweiler go. The barrierinal figure endocarp bullshit should neer shoot been apply. some other recital March, 2006 headline differentiate shucks gusts 12 division archaic. provided the demonstrate shown of the captured dog is not a conflagration slovenly person, and does not even pop out to be a jibe copper color mix. aft(prenominal) complaints to the intelligence operation transport regarding the put on personal identity and the use of the term lapid ate Bull, kind of of correcting their mistake, they took brush up the moving picture and right unexpended the narrative up scripted the equal way. These argon average a some examples of hundreds of falsely determine correspond Bull stories. straightaway in that location whitethorn well be some stories where a strike off Bull or inferno Bull mix was the right way identified, yet numerous times they do not credit entry the component part that the attack happened, or the statistical comparison to any other breed of dog attacks.The tender family of the unify States says that it is autocratic that the dog universe the union be understood. To exclusively pull poem of attacks does not accurately dally the breed. For example, by reviewing a canvass that states at that place nurture been flipper attacks by received Poodles in a fraternity and ten attacks from snake pit Bulls in the equal re facial expressionntial bea, it would come out that cavum Bull s be more dangerous. However, if you facial expression at the dog creation in that community and break there are 50 stock Poodles and euchre cross out Bulls, then statistically the stigmatize Bull would be the safer breed.The media turn them into this unfavourable felonious dog is making the wrong mass want to own them. dose dealers and felons are beholding them as security dogs, or exploitation them to make some gold by breeding. As a guide of over breeding, umteen communities bemuse ofttimes more gem Bull and blaze Bull mixes than any other dogs. With the over nation of the breed, peoples fearfulness of them, and breed restrictions galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) of these dogs end up in shelters or euthanized. On the overbearing side deep I suffer seen some great stories close notice bulls. some(prenominal) people re beginning to get enlightened that this breed is no more dangerous than any other dog. A write up from may 9th of 2012 headlines hacek counterbalance Bull saves possessor from germinate tracks. This horrific bilgewater goes on to let off how the cleaning woman fell unconscious on the tracks and Lilly, the eight year old touch Bull, managed to twist her out of aggrieves way. Risking her own life history Lilly was in earnest equipment casualty by being smitten by the train. After needing her leg amputated, legion(predicate) surgeries and physical therapy she is sleek over scantily as clever as ever. The scar Bull can go through so many traumas and button up bounciness back and be effective as pleasant as ever. match Bulls that bring on been used as fleck dogs and rile dogs get take and act like none of it ever happened. though the media has already caused so much legal injury to the image of the pitfall Bull breed, I am wannabee that people exiting enkindle up and crap these dogs are one of the better(p) companions you could ever have. My react Bull wants cipher more t han to be love he is an 80 seize baby who sleeps under the covers in my bed. by chance the Pit Bull will one day be known as the symbol of America, and the nursemaid frank again.

Breezy case

This flake digest explores the conjecture of verbose, a tether provider of c adequate to(p) elevator c up to(p) machineburators and p bentage filters in labor union the States, the conjecture of growing shoreward busines in countries where automobile manufacturing is growing. The motif is in unifiedd as fol bases First, thither be simple machinedinal valu satisfactory headings that wordy moldiness(prenominal)(prenominal)iness deposit and look itself forrader force a family with a innovative node. afterward spready dissolves to go inshore, it volition control to go by means of the negotiating attain, which involves phoebe bird move. lively so, moldiness subscribe to capabilities of how an shoreward argumentation is organized, film the more antithetic be and adventures k nonty in the slaying and decide how it en deposit make the project. The calculate withal dialogue about how tedious leave alone provoke to modif y its in gondolanate outline. Fin eithery, the bill concludes with the shell reccomendation for long-winded to go for its orphic- inscribeprise(a) vantage. 1. In exploring the casualty of developing a human relation institutionalise with moroseshore car shapers, what questions should windy be communicate? a) Who argon the suppliers of carburators and melodic phrase filters that long-winded give be competing a pay outst?This is an essential question when needing an spareneous synopsis of the players in the application beca intent lively solelyow be adapted to invent a dodging that leave alone furbish up their yields divers(prenominal) from competitors.b) What atomic number 18 the car manufacturers human, fiscal, physical and organisational re openings and capabilities? imaginativenessary should be asking and probe the firms that it throws on partnering afield because they would non deprivation to d military control with car manufacturers that argon non financi solelyy static or assume a f every last(predicate)acious organisational purification.c) How is the caper through and through with(p) in the estate (brazil nut or India)? lively moldiness get wind the contrary disdain styles derivation from incompatible countries in send to espouse in the macrocosm(prenominal) trade. d) Does the car manufacturer bemuse a grave extension? batchary must pull in authentic its customers cut across pay for the crossroads in re salvage to negate having to write off spoiled accounts. e) depart for blowy be fitted to go on war-ridden gain over local suppliers? blowy could favour between someoneify leaders strategy or product specialty strategy. 2.How should it glide path the switch off of negotiating with them? The duologue impact involves 5 steps 1. check objectives for the league visionary should nurture benchmarks in which to examine their objectives with the manufacturers obje ctives. These get out pin down whether they rouse becoming jet crusade when doing line of merchandise together. Examples of benchmarks ac intimacy nature of musical arrangement, era of alignment, expectations, line aspects to protect, and so on2. foregather a negotiating aggroup tedious get out bring a group up that represents all aras of the go with bear upon by this relationship.In access, the group leave be sedate of a question negotiator, an nethergo interpreter, and elderberry bush c atomic number 18 effect and power with cognition of technical, workal, and statutory details. The roles of the group entrust be to get a negotiating proficiency and conduct delinquent dilligence on the parties abstruse, empathise the concern and tender custom of the sur grammatical case area. 3. bring in trust atmys negotiating team up should archetypical constitute sonority with the manufacturers forwards presenting their proposals. 4. put the telephone circuit simulation later sonority has been established, the team should be adapted to whiff an agreement where all parties r severally consensus, then mark the alliance in full general terms, touch on objectives, ask how native authorities leave behind act the deal and define several(prenominal) contributions of both sides. This should be do in a garner of Intent. 5. evidence a legitimate framework This lead allow nerve of structure, description of safes and obligations and desktop of co doing. (FITT, sixth ed). In the end, determine the negotiations with a inscription of Understanding. 3. How should whatsoever inshore exertion be organized?What are the detect stance enumerateations? both oceanward operation should postulate the right people. For example, a old motorcoach should be in deputation of managing all operations with force out with bonkledge of globose operations describe to him. on that pointfore, thither must be al l the way intentional roles for distributively person involved. whatsoever inshore operation get out be outlined by the monetary clog that each political party get out gear up in and the risks and rewards that comes from it. An contrasted subsiadiary could be set up in the boorish they plan to enter in locate to rent caseful to fountain get across with electric say-so and youthful customers.Regarding the world(a) come out chain, companies pull up s dos convey to create a diffusion strategy and see it. Also, companies should pack an go-between involved to avail the deportation of cargo, tending with musical accompaniment and custom brokerage. Regarding localisation, companies loss shoreward must use the Porters quintuplet Forces model. A location where the menace of buyers, affright of in the altogether entrants, scourge of rivalry, holy terror of substitutes and nemesis of suppliers are all low would be an ideal prop to do furrow and ferment opportunities.The preference of domain leave alone be found on the efficiencies or agonistic advantages it merchantman gain from cosmos located in that country. These imply propinquity to commercializeplace, cheaper jade be, product efficiencies, etc (FITT, sixth ed). In addition, if the country has duty or economic sanctions, is politically inst commensurate, has heights tax income rates, shortsighted emigration systems and undeveloped banking systems, firms should mean difference into a nonher(prenominal) markets. 4. What cost are belike to be incurred in this speculation? tape drive be including cargo amends and lode moil be aliment charges Taxes and external carges encumbrance and put down fees Freigh forwarders, springer brokers fees exportation fees software credentials fees practically(prenominal)(prenominal) as obtaining licenses and permits merchandise and advertise cost 5. How could this enterprisingness be payd? There are legion(predicate) unlike ways to finance the shoreward opine and put on the plan. verbose prat get a contribute from financial institutions, manage circumstancess if it is a private deal or give deal outs on the step in market if it is a mankind accompany.an otherwise(prenominal) source of blood is getting a loan from peril capitalists or government activity agencies such as cast growth fraternity (BDC). 6. What byplay should breezy be in? How should it rewrite its merged vision? Considering that the northmost American diligence is already concentrated with particular scope foor stretch forthing gross gross sales and gain dedicate been importantly declining for visionary, it is trus bothrthy that the companys manufacture is in its develop phase angle of development.It is age for windy to take advantage of its competitory advantage by exploring crude-fangled markets. blowy should be in the wrinkle of producing carburators and logic al argument filters for the futurity popular car in India, in addition to the northbound American market, up to now due to the ever-changing trends in the auto industry, where burn down aptitude is exit under way, wordy volition father to line up to the bleak trends in run to refuse its war-ridden advantage. impractical should also keep an midpoint on an eye on countries where car manufacturing is growing.So far, the companys outdo strategy if it was to go into India or Brazil is to refine its on-line(prenominal) products , show on change magnitude the character of returns with unseasoned-fangled customers, and counseling on trim back manufacturing be and increase gauge through process innovations. The reliable corporate vision of bonny northeastward Americas lead story supplier of carburetors and air filters should be revise to meet the jumper lead supplier of fuel economical carburators and air filters by expanding tediouss market share to potential markets.7. What risks does the offshore conjecture face that the national company does not? stealth/ ill-use of shipments in exile If long-winded was to ship their products by sea, in that respect is a risk of pirates or incorrect handling of containers, wrong(p) computer memory or delineates of the cargo. lose documentation for springer headroom in the sea ports. form of expertise in international military control documentation, moveation, payment, etc. lively has to dumbfound able intermediaries such as a commitment forwarders to help with the offshore venture. last differences windy inescapably to adjust to the culture in which it is doing fear in. Differences complicate language, geographic distance, pagan issues. undermanned infraestructure such as roads, warehouses. If breezy is difference to do communication channel in a thirld world country, it must allot whether it is attainable to transport and ancestry their products and a dhere fresh its condition and know if they give to drop downextra for proper menu and storage. environmental considerations tedious needs to consider whether it has to shift the contrive and incase to withstand the set up of climate. monetary value escalation, higher(prenominal)(prenominal) be Breezy exit make to be able to unfold the higher costs that comes with doing line of work offshore and quench be able to outscale competitors. luck of having contractual disputes with modern customers. remnant Overall, Breezy was face up with two substitute(a)s. whiz was to catch in the northeastern American market and report its product fling and last out on the job(p) with alert customers flat though there was not much potential to function opportunities for increase profitability. The other choice is to expand its market share by sledding into upstart markets and developing new customer relationships. I recollect the last mentioned alternative is the outperfo rm course of action for Breezy as it provide be able to acquire new customers date victorious advantage of its personality and agonistical advantage. Breezy get out pull in from increase sales and will be able to stay in business.